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Glossary of Middle English Cooking Terms
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 Here is a collection of commonly-used Middle English words & phrases found in surviving medieval cooking manuscripts, with brief modern English translations. The sources used in creating this glossary include:A Fifteenth Century Cookery Boke. John L. Anderson, 1962. An Ordinance of Pottage. An Edition of the Fifteenth Century Culinary Recipes in Yale University's MS Beinecke 163. Constance B. Hieatt, 1988. Curye on Inglish: English Culinary Manuscripts of the Fourteenth-Century (Including the Forme of Cury). Constance B. Hieatt and Sharon Butler, 1985. Two Fifteenth-Century Cookery-Books. Harleian MS. 279 & Harl. MS. 4016, with extracts from Ashmole MS. 1429, Laud MS. 553, & Douce MS 55. Thomas Austin, 1888. Please note that the Middle English letter
BIBLIOGRAPHY Anderson, John L. and Adrienne Adams. A Fifteenth Century Cookry Boke. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1962. Austin, Thomas. Two Fifteenth-Century Cookery-Books. Harleian MS. 279 & Harl. MS. 4016, with extracts from Ashmole MS. 1429, Laud MS. 553, & Douce MS 55. London: for The Early English Text Society by N. Trübner & Co., 1888. Hieatt, Constance B. An Ordinance of Pottage. An Edition of the Fifteenth Century Culinary Recipes in Yale University's MS Beinecke 163. London: Prospect Books Ltd, 1988. Hieatt, Constance B. and Sharon Butler. Curye on Inglish: English Culinary Manuscripts of the Fourteenth-Century (Including the Forme of Cury). New York: for The Early English Text Society by the Oxford University Press, 1985.
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(called "egh" and pronounced as "y," "gh," "g," or "s") has been alphabetically placed after G and before H, and that the Middle English letter Þ (called "thorn" and usually pronounced as "th") is found listed after T and before U.
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Þ
* þin(e) - thine.
* þinne - thin.
* þorw; þorwe - through.
* þrifti - not too strong.
* þurgh; þurw; þurwe; þur - through.
* þwerte - athwart, across the grain. -
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U
* Uat - fat
* Unc; Unce - ounce.
* Upsodoun - upside-down.
* Utter - outer. -
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V
* Ventys - vents.
* Vergeous; Verious; Veriows - verjuice.
* Vernage - a strong kind of wine.
* Vert - green.
* Veselle - vessel.
* Viaundes - meats.
* Vnneþe - underneath; bottom.
* Vpperyt - upright.
* Vyne - wine.
* Vyolette - violet. -
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W
* Walkys - whelks.
* Wardones; Wardonys; Wardouns - Warden pears.
* Wasche; Wassh - wash; washed.
* Wasshem - wash them.
* Wast away - boil down too much.
* Watteryd - watered, soaked to get the salt out.
* Waysshe - wash.
* Wesing; Wesyng - weasand, the windpipe.
* Wessell - vessel.
* Wete - wet.
* Wex(e) - wax; become.
* Wheder; Wheþer - whichever.
* Whess - wash.
* Wheterydoun - a course sifter for separating grains from chaff.
* Wil - well; wilt.
* With-alle - likewise.
* Woldiste - wouldest.
* Wel; Wole; Woll; Wolle; Wolt - will; can.
* Wollen - woolen.
* Wombe - womb; stomach; any cavity of the body that contains something.
* Wyl - well; awhile; will. -
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Y
* Y-bake; Y-baken - baked.
* Y-blaunchyd - blaunched.
* Y-bontyd - bunted, sifted.
* Y-bounde - stiff.
* Y-boylid; Y-boylyd - boiled.
* Y-braid; Y-brayd - brayed, pounded.
* Y-broylid - broiled.
* Ybrulyd - broiled.
* Y-choppid - chopped.
* Y-couched; Y-chowchyd - laid; laid out.
* Y-clepid - called.
* Y-closyd - closed (of a pie).
* Y-corven - cut.
* Y-coryd - cored.
* Y-cutte - cut.
* Y-dicyd - diced, cut into small cubes.
* Y-draw - drawn, drawn through a strainer.
* Y-dressid - dressed for table.
* Yeest - yeast.
* Yerth - earth or earthenware.
* Yevyn - evenly.
* Y-farsyd - stuffed.
* Y-fastenyd - fastened.
* Yfere; Y-fere - together.
* Y-gratyd - grated.
* Y-grounde - ground.
* Y-hackyd - chopped.
* Y-harded; Y-hardid - hardened.
* Yheled; Y-helid; Y-helyd - covered; in the case of pies, it refers to a top crust.
* Y-hole - whole; all in one piece. This may also mean uncut, with the bones or stones in; also skinned or hulled.
* Y-kremyd - crimmed, crumbled.
* Y-kyt - cut.
* Y-liche moche - a like much, or quantity.
* Ymbre Day - ember day, one of the fasting days which mark the four seasons of the Christian year. Dairy goods were permitted on fast days days out of Lent at this time.
* Ynogh; Ynouh; Y-now; Ynowe - enough; done; suitable.
* Yoyse - juice.
* Y-parede - pared.
* Y-peyntid - painted.
* Yrchons; Yrchouns - urchins; hedgehogs; porcupines. So called from being made bristly with almonds.
* Yren - iron.
* Yrth - earth or earthenware.
* Ys - is.
* Y-schredyd; Y-scredde - shredded.
* Y-sode; Ysoden; Y-sope; Y-sothe - boiled; soaked; sodden.
* Ysop(e) - hyssop.
* Y-stampyd - ground; mashed.
* Y-stekyd; Y-stykyd - stuck.
* Y-straynid - rubbed through a strainer.
* Y-stwyde; Y-stywyd - stewed.
* Y-swonge - beaten.
* Yt - it.
* Y-tallyd - cut up.
* Y-tryid - separated.
* Y-wasshe - washed.
* Y-wateryd - soaked (the salt out).
* Y-wette - wetted.
* Y-wreten - written.
* Y-wronge - wrung. -
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Z
* Zeoþ, Zeoþen - simmer, boil. Same as the words seþe and seþen.
* Zesy - yeast.
* Zolkys - yolks.
* Zunne - sun. Same as the words sonne & sunne. -
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Patchwork Merchant Mercenaries had its humble beginnings as an idea of a few artisans and craftsmen who enjoy performing with live steel fighting. As well as a patchwork quilt tent canvas. Most had prior military experience hence the name.
Patchwork Merchant Mercenaries.
Vendertainers that brought many things to a show and are know for helping out where ever they can.
As well as being a place where the older hand made items could be found made by them and enjoyed by all.
We expanded over the years to become well known at what we do. Now we represent over 100 artisans and craftsman that are well known in their venues and some just starting out. Some of their works have been premiered in TV, stage and movies on a regular basis.
Specializing in Medieval, Goth , Stage Film, BDFSM and Practitioner.
Patchwork Merchant Mercenaries a Dept of, Ask For IT was started by artists and former military veterans, and sword fighters, representing over 100 artisans, one who made his living traveling from fair to festival vending medieval wares. The majority of his customers are re-enactors, SCAdians and the like, looking to build their kit with period clothing, feast gear, adornments, etc.
Likewise, it is typical for these history-lovers to peruse the tent (aka mobile store front) and, upon finding something that pleases the eye, ask "Is this period?"
A deceitful query!! This is not a yes or no question. One must have a damn good understanding of European history (at least) from the fall of Rome to the mid-1600's to properly answer. Taking into account, also, the culture in which the querent is dressed is vitally important. You see, though it may be well within medieval period, it would be strange to see a Viking wearing a Caftan...or is it?
After a festival's time of answering weighty questions such as these, I'd sleep like a log! Only a mad man could possibly remember the place and time for each piece of kitchen ware, weaponry, cloth, and chain within a span of 1,000 years!! Surely there must be an easier way, a place where he could post all this knowledge...
Traveling Within The World is meant to be such a place. A place for all of these artists to keep in touch and directly interact with their fellow geeks and re-enactment hobbyists, their clientele.
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