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This is both a reasonably complete discography of Guillaume de Machaut written in 1998 as well as a compendium of Machaut's musical lyrics gathered in 1999. It will be developed and updated in both parts.
Last Updates: 11/06/2010 (discography), 11/30/2006 (texts)
The conception & research for this project was carried out by Pierre-F. Roberge (discography) and Todd M. McComb (texts). Please contact either Pierre-F. Roberge a href="mailto:pfr@videotron.ca">pfr@videotron.ca> or Todd M. McComb a href="mailto:mccomb@medieval.org">mccomb@medieval.org> according to whether your question or feedback concerns respectively the discography or the texts.
Guillaume de Machaut (d.1377) is one of the undisputed pinnacle geniuses of Western music, and the most famous composer of the Middle Ages. Today his four-voice Mass of Notre Dame is a textbook example for medieval counterpoint, and has served sufficiently to maintain his reputation across shifts in fashion. However Machaut's work is extensive, with his French songs & poetry dominating the fourteenth century by both their quality and volume. A series of carefully prepared illuminated manuscripts, undertaken for members of the French royalty, preserve his complete artistic output. Along with these major sources, various pieces are duplicated in scattered sources throughout Europe. His life and work are thus extremely well-preserved for the period, and his position as the most distinguished composer of the century has never wavered.
Machaut was apparently born in the vicinity of Rheims in Champagne, around the year 1300. He is first known as the secretary of John of Luxembourg in 1323, and used the position to travel extensively for various battles and political events. In approximately 1340, Machaut returned to Rheims to take up the position of canon (he had previously been an absentee office-holder) together with his brother Jean. However, he continued to serve John of Luxembourg until the latter's death at Crécy in 1346, and then served his daughter Bonne, who appears in the Remède de Fortune. The remainder of the fourteenth century was an epic of wars and plagues, and one of the few periods in which the population of Europe declined, but Machaut's reputation continued to rise. He went on to serve two kings of France, and was charged with a task as important as accompanying hostages during the English war. In 1361 the Dauphine was received in Machaut's quarters, an exceptional event. By the 1370s Machaut's name was associated with Pierre de Lusignan, King of Cyprus, thus establishing his fame nearly as far as Asia.
Machaut is frequently portrayed today as an avant garde composer, especially because of his position with regard to the early Ars Nova (a new, more detailed rhythmic notation), but one must also emphasize the masterful continuity with which he employed established forms. While using the same basic formats, he made subtle changes to meter and rhyme scheme, allowing for more personal touches and a more dramatic presentation. Indeed, Machaut's poetry is one of the most impressive French outputs of the medieval era, serving as an example even for Chaucer. The theme of courtly love dominates his writing, becoming heavily symbolized in the guises of such characters as Fortune & Love, and the personal dramas in which they act. Machaut's poetic output, and by extension the subset of texts he chose to set to music, is both personal and ritualized, lending it a timeless quality. Some of the love themes date to Ovid and beyond, from whom they had been elaborated first by the troubadours of Provence and then by the northern trouvères, and so it is truly a classical tradition to which Machaut belongs.
Machaut marks the end of the lineage of the trouvères, and with it the development of the monophonic art song in the West. This aspect of his work is found in the virelais and especially the lengthy lais. He also acted decisively to refine the emerging polyphonic song forms ballade & rondeau, and these were to become the dominant fixed forms for the following generations. What Machaut achieved so eloquently is an idiomatic and natural combination of words with music, forcefully compelling in its lyrical grace and rhythmic sophistication. His songs are immediately enjoyable, because he was able to shape the smallest melodic nuances as well as to conceive forms on a larger scale. The latter is reflected especially in his poetic-musical creations Le Remède de Fortune and Le Voir Dit, as well as in his Messe de Notre Dame. One must not lose sight of Machaut's position within the sweep of medieval history, as his great "multimedia" productions had clear precedents in the Roman de la Rose and especially the Roman de Fauvel. It is Machaut's ability to unite cogent and elegant melodic thinking with the new rhythmic possibilities of the Ars Nova which ultimately makes his musical reputation.
Although he wrote music for more than one hundred of his French poems, and even for half a dozen motets in Latin, Machaut remains best-known for his Mass of Notre Dame. This mass was written as part of the commemoration of the Virgin endowed by the Machaut brothers at Rheims, and was intended for performance in a smaller setting by specialized soloists. The most striking aspect of the piece is not simply the high quality of the contrapuntal writing, but the architectural unity of the Ordinary sections as well. Machaut's mass is not the earliest surviving mass cycle (there are two which predate it), but it is the earliest by a single composer and indeed the earliest to display this degree of unity. While the chants used as cantus firmus do vary, opening gestures and motivic figures are used to confirm the cyclical nature of the work. Technique of this magnitude is frequently offered as evidence of Machaut's prescience, given the prominence of such forms a hundred or two hundred years later, but the musical quality of his cycle can be appreciated on its own terms. Of course, the same can be said for Machaut's oeuvre as a whole.
Todd McComb, 4/98The discography is divided into three parts. Parts II & III appear directly on this page, while the more extensive Part I is accessed on sub-pages for each work by following its link.
Part I lists all the works attributed to Guillaume de Machaut, in alphabetical order, with the exception of his famous Messe de Nostre Dame, listed first. The list was based first on the one published by Lawrence Earp (see reference below) in 1995. I am not aware of any major changes in the attribution of these works. This list has now been cross-verified in many other sources (see introduction to texts below) and is very standard for original musical settings. Links for each individual work lead to its complete discography as described below. There is also a link to a full version in one file, without the text information. The latter is added as a convenience, in addition to the regular listing.
Each entry refers to the original recording; this explains why references to the same label are different from other discographies, including the one published by Earp. It also includes re-edited material containing tracks not previously released. If the original material is not a CD, the medium is stated between [...]. Each individual title is linked to a descriptive section containing as much information as possible about the original recording; this description is cross-linked to available CDs actually on the market (February 2000) in North America or Western Europe. Great care has been taken to prevent misinformation and a large part of the data originates from owned recordings themselves (although often not as reliable as it should be). If the recording was not available, the content originates from the usual sources (periodicals such as The Gramophone (and the Catalogue), Diapason (and the Catalogue), Bielefelder Katalog, Notes, and Fanfare, etc.). The discography appearing in Fanfare sept./oct. 1979, p. 12-17 & 206-210 by Jerome F. Weber (=Weber) and the one in Lawrence Earp's "Guillaume de Machaut, A Guide to Research" (=Earp) served as double checks to ensure completeness (recordings before 1991).
If all else failed, reference was made to the French book Diapason - Guide de la musique ancienne et baroque (Coll. Bouquins, Robert Laffond, 1993) [GMAB]; although impressive in term of quality and amount of content, readers should be careful about many recording dates listed. For releases before 1955, the World Encyclopedia of Recorded Music (=WERM) and the three supplements were very useful. For those interested in further reading on the discography of the medieval and renaissance periods, refer to the following three publications:
Medieval and Renaissance Music on Long-Playing Records (MRM1)
James Coover and Richard Colvig
Detroit Studies in Music Bibliography # 6 (-end of 1961)
Information service, Incorporated
10, West Warren, Detroit 1, Michigan
Medieval and Renaissance Music on Long-Playing Records (MRM2)
James Coover and Richard Colvig
Detroit Studies in Music Bibliography # (1962-1970 + corrections to # 6)
Information service, Incorporated
10, West Warren, Detroit 1, Michigan
Early Music Discography - From Plainsong to the Sons of Bach (EMD1)
Vol. 1: Record Index (covers 1970-1980)
Oryx Press
Also I should mention an excellent series of publications edited by Garland: (name of the composer) A Guide to research. Very noteworthy is the one stated above on Guillaume de Machaut by Lawrence Earp. I am also aware of an edition on Johannes Ockeghem, Josquin DesPrez, Purcell, and Byrd and many others on more "modern" composers.
I tried to list titles according to their label and release dates. In the linked section, I tried to follow the track order of recording; in some cases when the recording was not available, the order may need correction by a careful reader owning the disc.
Part I covers all, but only, the original recordings of the specific title; reference to re-edition, excerpts or compilations of the original recording appears in the linked descriptive page. Finding all original recordings may well be wishful thinking without comments and corrections. These could be directed to my E-mail address (pfr@videotron.ca). Credit for any significant contribution will be given at the end of this page.
Part II deals with CDs, Cassettes not released as CD, or Videos including one or more of Machaut's works and expected to be available on the North American or European market. No ranking number appears if the release contains only excerpts of an already listed CD, Cassette or Video in this section.
Part III lists newly released, or soon to be released, CDs when the available information is not sufficient to be added as a specific entry in the preceding list.
This will be quite a complete discography. The content will be regularly updated.
Pierre-F. RobergeThe text of Machaut's works has been placed together with Part I of the discography, upon following the links to individual pieces below. The numbering given is that for Machaut's musical output in accordance with the Ludwig Edition (Guillaume de Machaut: Musikalische Werke, edited by Friedrich Ludwig & Heinrich Besseler, Leipzig 1926-54), with that in the Schrade Edition (Polyphonic Music of the Fourteenth Century, volumes ii-iii, edited by Leo Schrade, Monaco 1956) as an alternate after "/". For example, "(V28/25)" = Virelai 28 in Ludwig, 25 in Schrade. Other abbreviations used are: "M" = Motet, "B" = Ballade, "R" = Rondeau, "L" = Lai, and "RF" = Remede de Fortune. This numbering derives directly from musical editions, and so differs from that in poetic editions, which contain many other poems in these forms not set to music. On the linked page, the number of parts is given for the musical setting, as well as other significant comments. More extensive factual remarks on each piece will be prepared over the longer term, possibly including recent research suggestions on chronology.
Each page will then give the sources in which the piece is found, followed by the text itself, and then the individual discography (see introduction to discography above). Presently, the only sources listed are the seven primary "Machaut Manuscripts" in which Machaut's work is principally preserved. A wider concordance of sources is in preparation, and will be explained here when it appears. The Machaut Manuscripts are designated by letter, from A to G, and are given precisely as follows:
The primary source used for both the text and the listed sources was:
In the process of preparing a concordance of sources, the source lists will be re-checked against those in the New Grove, the RISM index, the Latrobe database, as well as against manuscript facsimiles themselves when feasible. Presently, some source lists have been double-checked, while many remain directly those of Chichmaref's edition. Note that Chichmaref does not use the standard letter designations as given above, but rather his own sequence of letters, perhaps producing confusion. This is due both to the intervening century of musicology, as well as to the fact that other manuscripts survive with texts only. The sources as stated here are the standard musical manuscript designations, and have been "translated" accordingly from Chichmaref. Thus far, no discrepancies have been found in any of these source listings.
The issue of texts is more complicated, as multiple versions exist. The "main" reading as given by Chichmaref has been used, with the exception of where Chichmaref notes correcting the manuscript, in which case it has been un-corrected. Most of these corrections involve the use of the apostrophe. In other cases, Chichmaref is content to reproduce a variety of spellings. Spelling is not standard within manuscripts, nor is spelling standard in modern sources. Since this was evidently not a major issue for Machaut, it will not be a major issue for us. Chichmaref and most sources do not footnote spelling variations. Chichmaref does footnote variations in wording in different sources, although his footnotes are frequently cryptic. These have been suppressed for the present for reasons of textual clarity, but are available if needed. With the exception of the "E" manuscript, these variations tend to be small. The "E" manuscript, originally owned by the Duke of Berry, contains numerous textual variations, as well as some alternate music. Chichmaref uses the "G" manuscript as his main source, checked against ten other primary sources.
The other major edition of Machaut's text, Oeuvres de Guillaume de Machaut, edited by Ernest Hoepffner (Paris, 1908-21) has also been consulted. It is extremely lacking as a scholarly edition, since it contains no index or footnotes, as well as no markings to separate individual poems. However, it can be used to answer some questions. Also, curiously, Chichmaref does not include the Remède de Fortune text (even though he treats the "F" & "G" manuscripts as a single source in two volumes, and includes the pieces found in neither). However, this text is available more widely than any of Machaut's other work, with the version used being that in Guillaume de Machaut: Le Jugement du Roy de Behaigne & Remede de Fortune, edited by James Winsatt & William Kibler (University of Georgia Press, 1988). The issue of including footnotes on alternate readings in this project is still very open, and they may appear at any time. In addition, various other cross-checks will be undertaken.
Finally, although much care has been taken to type everything correctly, it is undoubtedly true that other typographical errors have been added to those in Chichmaref (whose reprint errata have been fully applied) as well as those made by the original scribes. Please contact me if you find such errors. In the event of a question of wording which cannot be resolved, microfilm facsimiles of the Machaut manuscripts will be consulted as a final source.
Schrade titles, as well as correction of some typographical errors, provided by Sergey N. Lebedev, Moscow.
Todd M. McCombTo complete discography in one convenient file, with no texts or sources.
Please note that some items are listed multiple times, under alternate titles. Please note also that although this listing is very complete for Machaut's authentic musical settings. Some non-musical poems and intabulations by others have also been included. These latter items are not deemed complete.
To complete discography in one convenient file, with no texts or sources.
This section includes recordings linked in Part I which have been issued on CD or transferred to CD (last release). The most recent release is given, except for some concurrent issues of differing programs. Also included are cassettes releases.
Acantha 0043
Fikon, fiddlor och finlir - Figs, fiddles and fine play
En musikalisk smak av 1300-talet - A musical taste of the 14th century
Falsobordone
Rel.: 2003
Adès 14 077
Guillaume de Machaut - Motets / Ballades / Virelays - Le Remède de Fortune
Ensemble Guillaume de Machaut de Paris - Guy Robert / Jean Belliard
Rel: 1987 or prior
Adès "INA Collection Archives" 41 712 [CDx4]
La musique française des origines à nos jours
Various artists and Ensembles
Rel.: 2000 or prior
Adès 203 712 [CDx2]
L'art musical et poétique de Guillaume de Machaut - Motets / Ballades / Virelays - Le Remède de Fortune - Le Veoir Dit
Ensemble Guillaume de Machaut de Paris - Guy Robert / Jean Belliard
Rel: 1991
Aeon AECD 0982[CD]
Guillaume de Machaut (c. 1300-1377) – Ballades
Ensemble Musica Nova – Lucien Kandel, dir.
Rel.: 2009
Álba musica (Musidisc) MU 245 192
Une histoire universelle & imaginaire de la vielle à roue
Viellistic Orchestra - Pascal Lefeuvre, dir
Rel.: 1995
Alienor 1019
Domna
Esther Lamandier
Rec.: 1987
Alpha 132
Machaut: Messe de Nostre Dame
Diabolus in Musica - Antoine Guerber
Rel.: 2008
Aquila AQ 04981
Au renouvel du tens
Musique médiévale
Ensemble Aquila
Rec.: 1998
Arcana 305
Mercy ou mort
Machaut: Chansons & motets d'amour
Ensemble Ferrara - Crawford Young, dir.
Rel.: 2001
DG Archiv Produktion Codex Series 453 162
Machaut - Messe de Nostre Dame / Dufay - 5 Sacred Songs
Pro Musica Antiqua - Safford Cape
Rel.: 1996
DG Archiv Produktion Codex Series 453 185 [CDx2]
Music of the Gothic Era
Early Music Consort of London - David Munrow, dir.
Rel.: 1997
DG Archiv Produktion 415 292
Music of the Gothic Era
Early Music Consort of London - David Munrow, dir.
Rec.: 1975
DG Archiv Produktion 449 082 [CDx4]
The Medieval Experience
Early Music Consort of London - David Munrow, dir. And others
Rec.: 1975
DG Archiv Produktion 457 618-2AH
Dreams in the Pleasure Garden - Machaut: Chansons
Orlando Consort
Rel.: 1998
Arco Diva 113
Carmina Lucemburgiana
Machaut / Suk / Mácha / Bodorová / Wengler / Mertzig
Irvin Venys / Markéta Mazourová / Quattro Orchestra - Marek Stilec
Rel.: 2010
Ariane ARI 148
La Messe de Barcelone - La Messe de Toulouse - Chansons, motets, danses (Musique liturgique et profane du XIVe siècle)
Ensemble médiéval de Toulouse - Pierre Hudrisier, dir.
Rec.: 1988
Arion 68 064
Les Musiciens de Provence - Musique des Trouvères et Troubadours
Les Musiciens de Provence
Rec.: 1973
Arion ARN68648 [CD]
Gentil mia donna
Petrarca e la musica
Rec.: 2004, rel. 2004
Arion 68 229
Premiers chefs-d'oeuvre de l'orgue français
Patrice Brosse
Rec.: 1983 or prior
Ars Harmonica AH 112
Machaut - Trio Subtilior
Trio Subtilior
Rel.: 2002 (instr.)
Ars Nova CDAN 172 [CD]
Musique de Notre Dame au Moyen-Age
Deller Consort - Alfred Deller, dir.
Rec.: 1961
Arsonor ARS 002-2 [CD]
Guillaume de Machaut, John Dunstable et Guillaume Dufay (±1300 à ±1480) - La mensuration et l'harmonisation de la polyphonie
Laudantes Consort - Guy Janssens, dir.
Rec: 1999
Ars Produktion ARS 38489 [CD]
Très gentil cuer: Höfische Musik des späten Mittelalters
Fortuna Canta
Rel: 2009
Arte Nova 74321 85 289-2
Guillaume de Machaut: La Messe de Nostre Dame
Clemencic Consort - René Clemencic
Rec.: 1999
ASV "Quicksilva" CD QS 6131
A Medieval Banquet
Saint George's Canzona - John Sothcott, dir.
Rel.: 1994
Édition Atlas MELCD 378
Présence de la musique ancienne
le guide d'écoute
Various performers
Rel.: 1994
ATMA XXI-CD 2 2163
Puisqu'en oubli - Songs of Forgetfulness
Catherine Lambert
Rel.: 1998
Avie 2089
The Unknown Lover
Songs by Solage and Machaut
Gothic Voices
Rel.: 2006
Bayer BR 100 164
J'ay pris amours
Isaak Ensemble, Heidelberg & Eva Lebherz-Valentin
Rec.: 1990
BBC Music Magazine 54
Renaissance Love Songs
Catherine Bott / Virelai
Rel.: 1996
Bis 135
The Artistry of Clas Pehrsson
Clas Pehrsson
Rel.: 1997
Bis 1229
Antiquities
Nobuko Imai / Mie Miki
Rel.: 2004
Bongiovanni GB 5532-2
Il giardino dell'amore - Musiche strumentali nell'Europa fra Midioevo e Rinascimento
Consort Fontegara
Rel.: 1993
Buda Musique 198 490
Amor Dolce
Musiques & danses du XIVe siècle
Magali Imbert & Adel Shams el-Din
Rel.: 2002
Budapest Music Center BMCCD 090
Offertorium
Trio Lignum
Rel.: 2004
Calliope CAL 9308
Guillaume de Machaut et l'art des Trouvères - Vièles et voix du Moyen Age
Emmanuel Bonnardot et al.
Rel.: 2001
Calliope 9318
Machaut: Messe Notre Dame / Motets et Estampies
Obsidienne - Emmanuel Bonnardot
Rel.: 2002
Cantus C 9624
Messe de Notre Dame
Ensemble Gilles Binchois - Dominique Vellard, dir.
Rec.: 1990
Cantus C 9625
Le vray remède d'amour
Ensemble Gilles Binchois - Dominique Vellard, dir.
Rec.: 1988
Cantus C 9626
Le Jugement du Roi de Navarre
Ensemble Gilles Binchois - Dominique Vellard, dir.
Rec.: 1994
Cantus 9705/6 (2 CDs)
Dictionary of Medieval & Renaissance Instruments
Various Artists
Rel.: 2005
Cantus 9817/20 (4 CDs)
Vox Naturalis
Medieval Vocal Music: Chant / Notre Dame / Machaut
Ensemble Gilles Binchois - Dominique Vellard
Rel.: 2004
Carus 83.123
Canticum Canticorum. Das Hohelied der Liebe in Motetten alter Meister
Vokalensemble Cantos, Osnabrück - Johannes Rahe, dir.
Rec.: 1991
CBS 460 596-4 [CD]
Les Troubadours d'Aquitaine : leurs plus belles mélodies
Les Troubadours d'Aquitaine
Rel.: 2000 or prior
Chakra CHACD 055
Joan of Arc
Musical Revelations
The Hudson Chamber Ensemble
Rel.: 2000
Channel Classics CCS 7094
Guillaume Machaut & his time - 14th Century French Ars Nova
Ensemble Alba Musica Kyo
Rec.: 1994
Channel Classics CCS 0390
Guillaume Machaut - Le Lay de Confort
Little Consort & Frans Brüggen
Rec.: 1988
Charlin Éditions CL-40
Fresques musicales de Saint-Bonnet-le-château: Josquin des Prés - Missa "Gaudeamus"
Le Groupe des Instruments anciens de Paris & Ensemble des Chantres de Plain-Chant - Roger Cotte, dir.
Rel.: 1999 or 1998
Collection romane CR 103
La Dame à la licorne "A mon seul désir"
La Compagnie Médiévale
Rel.: 1999
Christophorus Entrée 0042
Pour l'amour - Liebeslieder des 14. und 15. Jahrhunderts
Instrumentalkreis Helga Weber
Rel.: 1993
Christophorus CD 74583
A chantar - Lieder der Frauen-Minne im Mittelalter
Estampie, Münchner Ensemble für frühe Musik - Michael Popp
Rec.: 1989
Christophorus CHR 77325
Le Roman de la Rose – Liebeslieder zum Rosenroman – Love Songs to the Romance of the Rose
France (XIIIe – XIVe s.)
Per-Sonat, Sabine Lutzenberger
Rec.: 2009
Coda 9605-1
Ars Antiqua de Paris at the / à la Sainte Chapelle
Ars Antiqua de Paris - Michel Sanvoisin, dir.
Rec.: 1977
Cyprès 1630 (12 CDs)
The Golden Age of European Polyphony
Laudantes Consort - Guy Janssens
Rel.: 2002
DBA Productions 20051 201 [CD]
Douce Dame jolie
Evelyne Moser
Rel.: 2006
De plein Vent CD 1989-04
Chansons - Danses - Musiques Médiévales et Renaissances
Ensemble Jehan de Channey
Rec.: 1991 or prior
Deutsche Gramophon 4741952
Art of Love: Ancient love song, voices of today / Robert Sadin – Music of Machaut
Various performers – Robert Sadin, arrangements
Rel.: 2009
Deutsche Harmonia mundi/BMG 05472 77 416
Guillaume de Machaut - Messe de Nostre Dame & Perotinus Magnus and Philippe Le Chancelier - Musique à Notre Dame de Paris
Deller Consort & Members of the Collegium Aureum - Alfred Deller, dir.
Rel.: 1995
or
Vanguard/Omega Classics "The Alfred Deller Edition (8)" OVC 8107
Musique de l'École de Notre Dame
Deller Consort & Members of the Collegium Aureum - Alfred Deller, dir.
Rel.: 1997
Dorian Discovery DIS 80 109
Songs and Dances of the Middle Ages
Sonus Ensemble
Rec.: 1993
Dorian "Discovery" DIS 80 123
Chanterai - Music of Medieval France
Sonus
Rec.: 1993
Dorian Discovery DIS 80 135
The Garden of Earthly Delights
La Nef
Rec.: 1993
Dorian Discovery DIS 80 155
Neo-medieval - Medieval Improvisation for a Postmodern Age
Hesperus
Rec.: 1996
Dorian DOR-93245
Pastourelles
The art of Machaut and the Trouvères
Fortune's Wheel
Rec.: 2001
Dutton Laboratories 7142
Rubbra / Britten: The Complete Recorder Works
The Flautadors / The Dante Quartet / Laurence Cummings / Patricia Rozario / Susanna Pell
Rel.: 2004
ECM "New Series" 1823
Machaut: Motets
Hilliard Ensemble
Rel.: 2004
Edelweiss ED 1021
Guillaume de Machaut - La Messe Nostre-Dame, L'Amour Courtois
Ars Antiqua de Paris - Michel Sanvoisin, dir.
Rec.: 1990
Éditions du Layeur ISBN 2-911468-52-X [Book + CD]
Lais Bretons
Aux origines de la poésie chantée médiévale
Gérard Lomenec'h & Agnès Brosset
Rel.: 2000
Éditions Musicales Lugdivine « Thèm'Axe » 7 [Book + CDx2]
Instruments et musiques du Moyen Âge
Various performers
Rel.: 2008
Edizioni Musicali III Millennio CDA 0144
Rosa das Rosas
The Symbol of the Rose in the Middle Ages
Ensemble Chominciamento di Gioia - Gianfranco Russo
Rel.: 2002
Eloquentia EL0607
Loving Torment
Machaut: Loyauté que point ne delay
Marc Mauillon / Vivabiancaluna Biffi / Pierre Hamon
Rel.: 2006
Eloquentia EL0918 [CDx2]
Guillaume de Machaut: Le Remède de Fortune
Marc Mauillon, Pierre Hamon et al.
Rel.: 2009
EMI "Reflexe" CDM or 555 7 63142 2
Guillaume de Machaut: Chansons I
Studio der frühen Musik - Thomas Binkley, dir.
Rel.: 1989
EMI Classics 826 466-2 [CDx6]
REFLEXE Vol. 1 Stationen Europäischer Musik : Oswald von Wolkenstein - Johannes Ciconia - "Roman de Fauvel" - Ludwig Senfl - Altenglische Consortmusik - Guillaume de Machaut I
Studio der Frühen Musik - Thomas Binkley, dir.
Ricercare-Ensemble für Alte Musik, Zürich - Michel Piguet, dir.
Linde Consort
Rel.: 2000
EMI Classics 826 473-2 [CDx6]
REFLEXE Vol. 2: Stationen Europäischer Musik : Camino de Santiago I / II - Guillaume de Machaut: Chansons II - Frühe Kammermusik in Italien um 1600 - Musik des Trecentol um Jacopo da Bologna - Venezianische Mehrchörigkeit
Studio der Frühen Musik - Thomas Binkley, dir.
Linde-Consort - Hans Martin Linde, dir
Ricercare-Ensemble für Alte Musik, Zürich - Michel Piguet, dir.
Tölzer Knabenchör, Linde-Consort - Hans Martin Linde, dir.
Rel.: 2000
EMI "Reflexe" CDM or 555 7 63424 2
Guillaume de Machaut: Chansons II
Studio der frühen Musik - Thomas Binkley, dir.
Rel.: 1990
EMI Classics 65924
Gateway to Classical Music
Early Music
Various Artists
Rec.: 1983
EMI (Italy) 7243 5 66481 2 8
Futuro Antico
Angelo Branduardi & Chominciamento di Gioia - Renato Serio, dir.
Rel: 1997
EMI Classics 68202 [CDx8]
Gateway to Classical Music Vol. 1 / 2
Various Artists
Rel.: 1994
Emmuty Records 004
A la via!
A la via!
Rel.: 2001
Enrosadira 011
Onni diletto e ogni bel piaccere
Compagnia del'asino che porta la croce
Rel.: 1999
EPM "Musique" 983 152
Des Trouvères à la Pléïade: Anthologie de la Chanson Française - La Chanson Traditionnelle
Various performers
Rel.: 1996 or prior
Epona Records 001
The Chaucer Songbook
Celtic Music and Early Music for harp and voice
Carol Wood et al.
Rel.: 1999
Erato 0630 14 773-2
Angels - Voices from Eternity
The Boston Camerata - Joel Cohen with Tod Machover, program dir.
Rel: 1997
Erato 0630 18 837-2
Simunye: Oxford Soweto, we are one - A unique fusion of european and african a capella
I Fagiolini, the SDASA chorale, ens. voc.
Rel: 1997
Erato 20 982-2 [CDx5]
Châteaux et cathédrales
Various artists
Rec: 1965 or prior
Escalibur CD865
Musiques au temps des ducs de Bretagne : chanter me fait ma dame
Gérard Lomenec'h, Franck Melet, Nathalie Oliviero
Rel: 1996
Essential Records ESM CD 436
The Lady and the Unicorn - The Hermit
John Renbourn
Rec.: 1970
Eufoda 1343
Mermaphilia
Zefiro Torna
Rel.: 2002
Eufoda 1360
Zodiac
Ars Nova and Ars Subtilior in the Low Countries and Europe
Capilla Flamenca - Dirk Snellings
Rel.: 2004
Ex Cathedra 9007
A Bohemian Christmas
New York's Ensemble for Early Music - Frederick Renz
Rel.: 2005
Focus 883-4S [2 Cassettes]
Music in Medieval Europe
Studio der frühen Music & Early Music Institute - Thomas Binkley, dir.
Rec.: 1971-1988
Fonoruz CDF 204
Unos tan dulces sones - Usos instrumentales dela Edad Media
Grupo Cinco Siglos
Rec.: 1995
Gallimard ISBN 2-07-052904-5 [Book + CD]
Jehan : la musique au temps des chevaliers
Alain Robert
Rel.: 1999
Gallo CD-1071
Moyen Age (Musique instrumentale du moyen âge)
E. Polonska & I. Quellier
Rec.: 1996
Glossa "Nouvelle Vision" 921102 [CDx2]
Res Musice: The Passion of Reason
The Sour Cream Legacy
Rec.: 1993
Gramzapis GCD00319 [CD]
Monteverdi, Machaut, Britten
Kamernyi Kor - Chamber Choir - Valentin Nesterov, dir.
Rel.: ca 1978 or 1979
Griffin GCCD 4001 / GC 4001 [CD / Cassette]
Middle Ages Music
Trinity Baroque - Julian Podger, dir.; The Forbury Consort - Alan Crumpler, dir.; The Holbein Consort - Martin Pope, dir.
Rec.: 1995
Harmonia mundi HMC 90 610
Danses de la Renaissance
Clemencic Consort - René Clemencic
Rel: 199?
Harmonia mundi HMX 90 649/54 [6 CDs]
Les Très Riches Heures du Moyen-Âge - A Medieval Journey
Soeur Marie Keyrouz; Ensemble Organum - Marcel Pérès, dir.; Deller Consort; Clemencic Consort - René Clemencic, dir.; Anonymous 4; The Hilliard Ensemble - Paul Hillier, dir.; The Newberry Consort - Mary Springfels, dir.; Paul O'Dette
Rec.: 1990
Harmonia mundi HMC 90 891
Trois Maîtres du Moyen Âge
Ensemble Organum - Marcel Pérès, dir.
Rel: 1999
Harmonia mundi HMC 90 1590
Guillaume de Machaut: La Messe de Nostre Dame
Ensemble Organum - Marcel Pérès, dir.
Rec: 1996
Harmonia mundi HMU 90 7185
Hoquetus - Medieval European Music
Theatre of Voices - Paul Hillier, dir.
Rel: 1999
Harmonia Mundi USA 90 7314
Bread, Wine & Song
Music & Feasting in Renaissance Europe
Orlando Consort
Rel: 2001
Harmonia Mundi HMU 90 7398
Medieval Gardens - Jardins Médiévaux
The Rose, the Lily & the Whortleberry
The Orlando Consort
Rel.: 2005
Harmonia Mundi "musique d'abord" 290 7356/57 (2 CDs)
Hoquetus / Age of the Cathedrals
Theatre of Voices - Paul Hillier
Rel.: 2003
Harmonia Mundi USA 80 7469 [SACD]
Scattered Rhymes
Tarik O'Regan / Guillaume Machaut / Gavin Bryars
Orlando Consort / Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir - Paul Hillier
Rel.: 2008
Harmonia Mundi "Century" HMX 290 8168 [CD]
Une révolution de l'esprit et de la musique (XIVe siècle) / An intellectual revolution in music
Le siècle de l'Ars nova / Ars Nova, A Revolution in the Late Middle Ages
Various performers
Rel.: 2005
Herald HAVPCD 212
Mediæval Carols: The Mystery of Christmas Night - Words and Music from the Middle Ages
Opus Anglicanum
Rel.: 1997
Herald 236
The Canterbury Pilgrims
Opus Anglicanum
Rel.: 2000
Herald 312
Machaut: Missa de Nostre Dame
Schola Gregoriana of Cambridge - Mary Berry
Rel.: 2005
Hortus 35
Polyphonie des XIVe et XVe siècles
Louis Thiry
Rel.: 2005
Hungaroton 12 575
Renaissance Pop
Benkö Consort - Daniel Benkö, dir.
Rec.: 1997 or prior
Hyperion CDA 66087
The Mirror of Narcissus: Songs by Machaut
Gothic Voices - Christopher Page
Rel: 1987
Hyperion CDA 66 227
The Emma Kirkby Collection
Gothic Voices & Emma Kirkby - Christopher Page, dir. & others
Rel.: 1987
Hyperion CDA 66358
Guillaume de Machaut - Messe de Notre Dame, Le lai de la fonteinne
The Hilliard Ensemble - Paul Hillier, dir.
Rec.: 1987
Hyperion CDA 66370
Sacred and Secular Music from six centuries
The Hilliard Ensemble
Rec.: 1987
Hyperion CDA 66463
The Medieval Romantics - French Songs and Motets 1340-1440
Gothic Voices - Christopher Page, dir.
Rec.: 1990/1991
Hyperion CDA 66588
Lancaster and Valois - French and English music, 1350-1420
Gothic Voices - Christopher Page
Rec.: 1991
Hyperion CDA 66619
The Study of Love - French Songs and Motets of the 14th Century
Gothic Voices - Christopher Page
Rec.: 1992
Hyperion CDA 66739
The Spirits of England and France I - Music of the latter Middle Ages for Court and Church
Gothic Voices
Rec.: 1994
Hyperion CDA 66783
The Spirits of England and France III - Binchois and his Contemporaries
Gothic Voices - Christopher Page
Rec.: 1995
INA "Mémoire Vive" IMVO 16
Hugues Cuenod
Rec.: 1960, 1976, 1980
Jade 198 796
Sur la terre comme au ciel
Un jardin au Moyen-Âge
Discantus - Brigitte Lesne / Alla Francesca - Pierre Hamon
Rel.: 2002
Jecklin-Disco 6222 [CD]
Melpo
Conrad Steinmann
Rel.: 1998
Jaro 4229-2 [CD]
Danse Gothique - Music by Satie & Machaut
Sarband & Edition L'Orient Imaginaire - Vladimir Ivanoff, dir.
Rec.: 1999
Jubal A 002
Fumeux fume par fumee
Speculum - Ernesto Schmied, dir.
Rec.: 1998
K&K Verlagsanstalt K&K 95 [CD]
Hosanna in Excelsis
Les Menestrels
Rec.: 2005
L'Autre Distribution 30573
Hammer dulcimer - Musiques traditionnelles
Dimitri Dupont et al.
Rec.: 1997 or prior
Le Local (ISBN 978-2-9534115-0-8) [Book & CD]
La danse médiévale – Histoire de la Danse au Moyen
Ensembles Amadis & Ensemble Joër
Rel.: 2009
L'Empreinte Digitale 13084
Messe d'après Guillaume de Machaut
2746 après Rome - Jean-Michel Bossini, dir.
Rec.: 1994
Liber unUsualis 1001
Machaut: Unrequited
Liber unUsualis
Rel.: 2003
Mandala MAN 4946
Chants du XIVème siècle - Vocal Music of the 14th Century :Guillaume de Machaut, Philippe de Vitry, Roman de Fauvel, Manuscrits d'Apt, de Barcelone et de Chypre
Mora Vocis
Rel.: 1999
Marc Aurel edition 20005
Alte Musik für Blockflöte und Harfe
Bois de Cologne
Rec.: 2001 or prior
Marc Aurel Edition 20041
Machaut: Flour de flours
Lais & Virelais
Norbert Rodenkirchen
Rel.: 2009
MCD 022
Espiral do tempo
Anima
Rec.: 1997
The Medieval Lyric [CDx5]
The Medieval Lyric
Margaret Switten and Gerry Robert Eisenstein, dirs.
Rec.: 1987
The Medieval Lyric [CD-ROMx2 + CDx7]
Teaching Medieval Lyric with modern technology - New Windows on the Medieval World
A Project Supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities and Mount Holyoke College
Margaret Switten, dir. & Robert Eisenstein, prod. coord.
Rec.: 1987
Move MD 3153
Traveller's Tapestry
Cantigas
Rec.: 1993
MSR Classics 1095
Masters, Monsters & Mazes
Treading the Medieval Labyrinth
Trefoil
Rel.: 2005
Musidisc 244 012 [CD / Cassette]
L'Art des Jongleurs - Musiques du XIVe Siècle (Estampies italiennes - Virelais de Guillaume de Machaut)
Ensemble Tre Fontane
Rec.: 1987
Musidisc 244 022 [CD / Cassette]
L'Art des Jongleurs, Vol. 2: Estampies italiennes, virelais et ballades de Guillaume de Machaut, extraits du Codex Faenza
Ensemble Tre Fontane
Rel.: 1989
Musidisc Álba musica Collection Patrimoine 244 882
Guillaume de Machaut & le Codex Faenza - Musiques des XIVème et XVème siècles
Ensemble Tre Fontane
Rec.: 1993
Musique en Wallonie 0852
En un gardin
Manuscrits de Stavelot, Mons, Utrecht, Leiden
Les quatre saisons de l'Ars Nova
Capilla Flamenca - Dirk Snellings
Rel.: 2009
Muza AL /EN 2004
Guillaume de Machaut & L'Ars Nova
La Maurache
Rel.: 2004
Naïve "Monum," V4901
20 siècles en Cathédrales
Various performers
Rel.: 2002
Naxos 8.505075 [CDx5]
Faszination Alte Musik
Lieder & Tänze des Mittelalters
Ensemble Unicorn Wien - Michael Posch, dir.
Rel.: 2001 or prior
Naxos "Early Music" 8.553618
Codex Faenza - Instrumental Music of the Early XVth Century
Ensemble Unicorn - Michael Posch, dir.
Rec.: 1995
Naxos "Early Music" 8.553833
Guillaume de Machaut: La Messe de Nostre Dame Songs from Le Voir Dit
Oxford Camerata - Jeremy Summerly, dir.
Rec:1996
Naxos 8.554103
Naxos: Ten Years of Success
Various performers
Rel.: 1999
Naxos 8.554770 [CDx2]
The World of Early Music
Various performers and ensembles
Rel.: 2000
Naxos 8.556704
Sanctus
Various performers and ensembles
Rel.: 1999
Les neuf muses NM 01/1 [CD]
Douces créatures
Azafran
Rel.: 2009
New Albion 068
Remède de Fortune
Ensemble Project Ars Nova
Rec.: 1993
Nightwatch NW 1002
Where Beauty Moves and Wit Delights
New World Renaissance
Rec.: 1993 or prior
Nonesuch 79457
Early Music - Lachrymæ Antiquæ
Kronos Quartet
Rec.: 1993-1997
Ohmnibus Records 2000-15
Polyphonics
Zorgina Vocalensemble
Rel.: 1996
Olive Music OM 002
Trecento
Jill Feldman / Kees Boeke
Rel.: 2003
Olive Music 014
Santenay Live
Works by Machault, Borlet, Senleches, Solage, Dufay, Binchois
Ensemble Santenay
Rel. 2008
Opus 111 30-122
Lucente Stella - Moyen Age XXe siècle
Pierre Hamon
Rec.: 1995-instr.
Opus 111 30-171
Machaut: Ay mi! - Lais et virelais
Emmanuel Bonnardot
Rec.: 1996
Opus 111 OP-30 303
Le Roman de la Rose
Alla Francesca
Rec.: 2001
Opus 111 30-309
Almisonis Melos
Latin Motets and Mass Fragments in the Ivrea Codex
Cantica Symphonia - Giuseppe Maletto
Rec.: 2000
Oratorio ORCD 4107
Douce Dame jolie
Ensemble Claude-Gervaise - Gilles Plante, dir.
Rec.: 1997
Qualiton 2034
Música de la edad media del siglo XII al XV
Conjunto Pro Música de Rosario - Cristián Hernández Larguía, cond.
Rel.: 2004 or prior
Querstand VKJK 0401
Carmina Fati
Calmus Ensemble
Rel.: 2004
Rampur Records 118
Douçaine among Friends
Live at St. John's Cathedral
Aage Nielsen, et al.
Rel.: 2009
Raum Klang 2705 [CDx2]
Elemente
Trigonale 2007 - Festival der Alten Musik
The Hilliard Ensemble
Rec.: 2007
Raum Klang RK 93 01
Lieder und Tänze des 13. bis 15. Jahrhunderts - Chants et danses du XIIIe au XVe siècle - Song and Dances of the 13th to 15th Centuries
Ioculatores
Rec.: 1993
Raum Klang 9905
Triplicité: 1350-1450
Zorgina Vocalensemble
Rel.: 2000
RCA "Red Seals" 82876 60986 2 [CDx4]
Trésors - Moyen-Âge
Various performers
Renaissance der Renaissance 3.108 [CDx3]
Machaut: 7 Isorhythmic sacred motets / Dufay: Complete Isorhythmic motets, 7 Cantilena motets
Helga Weber Ensemble
Rec.: 1990-1991
Riverrun 75
Mychel Melodye
The Troubadours
Rel.: 2007
Schirmer Books ISBN 0-02-872953-6 [2 Cassettes]
Music of the Middle Ages
The Western Wind - Paul Hillier
Rec.: 1990
Seven Seas 135
Songs for Seven Centuries
Éric Bellocq, Dominique Visse et al.
Rec.: 1996
Shanachie 79074
The Enchanted Garden
The John Renbourn Group
Rel.: 1990
Shanachie 97022
The Lady and the Unicorn
The John Renbourn Group
Rel.: 1992
Signum SIGCD 011
Guillaume de Machaut - Motet and Music from the Ivrea Codex
The Clerks' Group - Edward Wickham, dir.
Rel.: 1999
Signum 028
Beyond the Score...
Improvisations for Whit Sunday
Alex Mason
Sonclair CD JB 128 836
Intabulation and Improvisation in the 14th Century
Ensemble Super Librum
Rec.: 1988
Songlines 1534
Ori-ga-mi
Theo Bleckmann et al.
Rec.: 2000
Soundalive SAMMDCD 101
Music of The Age of Chivalry
Mary Remnant, Petronella Dittmer, Mathew Hart Dyke
Rec.: ca 1987
Stradivarius 33570
Monodia
Kees Boeke
Rec.: 1997
Studio Matous MK 0003 - 2 931
Music of Charles University 1. European Music of the 14th Century
Ars Cameralis - Lukas Matousek, dir.
Rec.: 1990
Studio Matous MK 0026 - 2 231
Gothic Music in Bohemia 13th-15th century - Gotická hubda v Cechá 13.-15. stolet
Ars Cameralis - Lukas Matousek, dir.
Rec.: 1991
Studio Matous MK 0027 - 2 931
Guillaume de Machaut - Chansons
Ars Cameralis - Lukas Matousek, dir.
Rec.: 1995
Supraphon 11 2213-2 211
Musica in tempore Caroli IV
Symposium Musicum & Prague Madrigal Singers
Rel.: 1994
Symphonia 97 155
Codex Reina - Ballades, Virelais et Rondeaux, 14ème siècle
Continens Paradisi
Rec.: 1997
Tabula Rasa TR01
Mi ris, mi plours
Musiques des XIIIème et XIVème siècles
Ensemble Faenza - Marco Horvat
Rec.: 1997
Teldec Classics 0630-11700-2
Metamorphoses: The Genesis
Osnabrücker Jugendchor - Johannes Rahe, dir. & Vladimir Ivanhoff (arrangements)
Rec.: 1995 or prior
University of Texas Press ISBN #0292785208 [Cassette with book]
The Union of Words and Music in Medieval Poetry
Sequentia
Rec.: 1988
Unicorn-Kanchana DKPCD 9160
John Harle's Saxophone Songbook
John Harle, John Lenehan, Simon Haram, et al.
Rel.: 1995
Vanguard Classics (Arcade) 08 5058 71
Lalande - De Profundis -- Music of medieval France
The Deller Consort, The Vienna Chamber Choir, Chamber Orchestra of the Vienna State Opera - Alfred Deller, dir.; Deller Consort - Alfred Deller, dir. & Concentus Musicus, Wien with ensemble of ancient instrument - Nikolaus Harnoncourt, dir.
Rel.: 1996
Vanguard Classics (Omega) OVC 8201
Douce Dame - Music of Courtly Love from Medieval France and Italy
The Waverly Consort - Michael Jaffee, dir.
Rec.: [1973]
Verlag der Spielleute CD 0004
Argentea
Wünnespil
Rel.: 2000
Virgin Classics 4 89 982
Guillaume de Machaut: Messe de Nostre Dame
Taverner Consort & Taverner Choir - Andrew Parrott, dir.
Rel.: 1997
Virgin "Veritas" 7243 5 45 357 2 7
D'Amours loial servant:- Chansons d'amour françaises et italiennes des XIVe et XVe siècles - French and Italian love songs of the 14th and 15th centuries - Französiche und italienische Liebeslieder des 14. und 15. Jahrhunderts
Gérard Lesne & Alla Francesca
Rel. 1999
Virgin "Veritas" 7243 5 61 284 2 2 [CDx2]
The Art of Courtly Love - Guillaume de Machaut, Gilles Binchois, Guillaume Dufay
The Early Music Consort of London - David Munrow, dir.
Rel.: 1996
Virginia Arts Recordings 06436
Machaut: Messe de Nostre Dame
Zephyrus Medieval Quartet - Paul Walker
Rel.: 2006
Warner Strategic Marketing 0927 43824-2 [CD]
Fin Amor: Musik zwischen Liebe, Sehnsucht, Leidenschaft und dem rauen Nordwind
Estampie
Rel.: 2002
Wisby Vaganter 1
Hé, compaignons
Wisby Vaganter
Rel.: ca 1991
Wisby Vaganter WVCD 2
Gotlandz Wiisa
Wisby Vaganter
Rel.: 1998 or prior
Wisby Vaganter WVCD 3
Cuncti Simus, Låt oss sjunga - Let us all sing
Wisby Vaganter
Rel.: 1999
Yamano Music YMCD 1031-1032 [CDx2]
Instruments of Middle Ages and Renaissance
The Early Music Consort - David Munrow, dir.
Rec.: 1975 or prior
Xeremia X.M.R. 0496 [CD]
Historique de la Musique Médiévale du X ème au XV ème siècle
Ensemble Médiéval Xeremia - R. Ressicaud, dir.
Rel.: 1996
Zig-Zag Territoires ZZT 021002 [CDx2]
Machaut - Les Motets
Ensemble Musica Nova
Rec.: 2002, rel. 2002
Zig-Zag Territoires 90101
Hypnos
Pierre Hamon
Rel.: 2009
Agorila AGCD 151 [CD]
Les Troubadours d'Aquitaine : leurs plus belles mélodies - Marcabru, Guillaume de Machaut, Gilbert de Berneville...et al.
Les Troubadours d'Aquitaine, groupe vocal et instrumental
Rec.: 1996, rel. 1998
Aliud 026
Adieu vous di
Ars Nova of the Low Countries
Fortuna
Rel.: 2009
BBC Music Magazine 54
Renaissance Love Songs
Catherine Bott / Virelai
Rel.: 1996
Dux 0228
Dekameron czyli historia mi'o ci redniowiecznej
Dekameron Ensemble
Rec.: 1995
Krediet Bank of Luxembourg
Machaut: Orfèvre de la Polyphonie
Ensemble Syntagma / Capilla Flamenca
Rel.: 2008
Pandourion 1007
French Music of the 14th Century
De Organographia
Rel.: 2003 or similar
Pathé 33DTX335 [LP]
Les anciens présentent leurs instruments de musique
Groupe d'Instruments Anciens de Paris & Le Grand Ensemble de Flûtes à bec - Roger Cotte, dir.
Rel.: 1970
Unidisc UDFF01A [45rpm, 17cm]
Fanfares royales du Moyen Âge
L'Ensemble philharmonique de Paris - Roger Douatte, dir.
Rel.: 1961
Virgin Classics 562 126 (5 CDs)
1000 Years of Sacred Music
(various)
Rel.: 2003
Other contributors:
Boris Andonovski
Robert Horres
Tony Reif
Arthur S. Leonard
Christian Brassy
If you can contribute to this project, please contact us. Credit will be given, here or in individual files.
The primary aspects in need of work are updating the discography as new items appear, correcting any errors in texts or elsewhere, adding additional details to recordings with only partial information, and preparing a more comprehensive sources list with footnoted differences. These actions will be carried out over the coming years, as well as when new items appear. In addition, other aspects of Machaut's work can hopefully be placed online in connection with this project.
Discography by Pierre-F. Roberge Edited by Todd M. McComb
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February 17, 2026 at 12am to February 5, 2027 at 12am – where & how you choose
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Patchwork Merchant Mercenaries had its humble beginnings as an idea of a few artisans and craftsmen who enjoy performing with live steel fighting. As well as a patchwork quilt tent canvas. Most had prior military experience hence the name.
Patchwork Merchant Mercenaries.
Vendertainers that brought many things to a show and are know for helping out where ever they can.
As well as being a place where the older hand made items could be found made by them and enjoyed by all.
We expanded over the years to become well known at what we do. Now we represent over 100 artisans and craftsman that are well known in their venues and some just starting out. Some of their works have been premiered in TV, stage and movies on a regular basis.
Specializing in Medieval, Goth , Stage Film, BDFSM and Practitioner.
Patchwork Merchant Mercenaries a Dept of, Ask For IT was started by artists and former military veterans, and sword fighters, representing over 100 artisans, one who made his living traveling from fair to festival vending medieval wares. The majority of his customers are re-enactors, SCAdians and the like, looking to build their kit with period clothing, feast gear, adornments, etc.
Likewise, it is typical for these history-lovers to peruse the tent (aka mobile store front) and, upon finding something that pleases the eye, ask "Is this period?"
A deceitful query!! This is not a yes or no question. One must have a damn good understanding of European history (at least) from the fall of Rome to the mid-1600's to properly answer. Taking into account, also, the culture in which the querent is dressed is vitally important. You see, though it may be well within medieval period, it would be strange to see a Viking wearing a Caftan...or is it?
After a festival's time of answering weighty questions such as these, I'd sleep like a log! Only a mad man could possibly remember the place and time for each piece of kitchen ware, weaponry, cloth, and chain within a span of 1,000 years!! Surely there must be an easier way, a place where he could post all this knowledge...
Traveling Within The World is meant to be such a place. A place for all of these artists to keep in touch and directly interact with their fellow geeks and re-enactment hobbyists, their clientele.
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